(2) Explain how the political context in which newspapers are produced influences their ownership and regulation.

Explain how the political context in which newspapers are produced, influences their ownership and regulation.



Explain the political significance of the concept of 'press freedom' and its relationship to representative democracy. Why do you think freedom of the press is important? How much influence do you think the government should have about the things reported in the UK press?

1)I personally feel that the use of a free press has both positives and negatives, and therefore shouldn't be totally self-regulated. The invasion of privacy of those in the public eye is becoming more common, with reporters taking stories too far and gaining private information. This is happening due to the demand the readers give, responding well to stories that seem exclusive. However, I feel that when a scoop is no longer I the public's interest then it shouldn't be printed and hence should be regulated, as reporters are gaining both unwanted information and information which is too invasive.


The concept of 'press freedom' has political significance as newspapers are able to support any political ideology, printing stories backing this ideology. Due to this, even though the government has little control of the press, politics remains one of the most covered topics. This relationship between 'press freedom' and its political significance helps to represent the democratic society in Britain; allowing readers to chose which ideology, and therefore newspaper, they follow and buy, without any regulation against them. Just as everyone is entitled to an opinion when voting for the future of the country, with the majority gaining power.   
I also feel that the government should oversee what is covered within the press, though shouldn't be able to control; what can and cant be published. The press should be covering stories and events with the public's interest as a priority, and I feel that   the government had control over the press the this would be forgotten. 

How are newspapers regulated and why do you think this is necessary? Can you refer to an academic idea we have studied in class? 


2)The main organisations that regulate newspapers consist of: Editor's code of practice, Press Complaints Commission (PCC), and the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). This is necessary so that newspaper companies are protected by these organisations so that stories are checked to make sure there is no obligation to those stories which could harm the company involved if there was a problem with story coverage.

Curran and seaton argue that ownership and regulation is the most significant factors in how the media operates. This contributes to the media not having a broad range of opinions and perspectives as companies such as News UK own multiple news outlets which leads to the same opinion coming from the same person being put out into the media, this comes from a capitalist structure, newspapers such as the guardian are ran by trust boards and not by one person so their news comes form a wider perspective and has less bias.


What examples of editorialised content would not fit 'impartial' television news (e.g. social or political opinion) from The Guardian and The Daily Mail print or online editions?

3)Editorialized content means that its not advertising based in the act that they pursue direct sales intentions. This is the reason in which customers purchase or subscribe to these news outlets. News outlets of this type manipulate and distorts news values in order to broadcast impartial judgments of peoples beliefs and what they want to hear.  
Impartial means that writers cannot make a bias opinion on topics unless they have made a balanced argument and can back up their opinions with evidence. For example the guardian have socialist points of view and on the paradise papers topic they clearly challenged the monarchy without creating a balanced argument. The daily mail also did this but the victimized the queen by using words such as "dragged" in their title which immediately shows a bias.

What examples of ownership models, e.g. The Guardian’s trust ownership and The Daily Mail’s proprietor model, could show the opportunities offered by the latter model for control by ‘press barons’?


4)Ownership models like the Daily mail’s proprietor model offer a prime example of how media can be controlled to influence public political views. Press barons like Rupert Murdoch who is a press baron as he  controls around 30% of the UK tabloids, can be seen to share his political opinions in each of his newspapers; this means their is a low spectrum of views and opinions on topics shared within the UK tabloid market, which means larger audiences will have the same point of view as Rupert Murdoch. Unlike the daily mail the guardian is owned by The Scott's trust who use a trust model which means that they have  a board of people deciding what views and opinions get put into their newspaper instead of a singular "press baron". 

How much power does the press have to shape political debate, e.g. the influence of proprietors on politicians to support policies promoting cross-media ownership or holding back from regulation?




5)The press can develop power through ownership of newspapers which consequently can shape political stances due to their ideologues and therefore political debate through the widespread circulation which has the power to influence politicians in their debates. The owners of newspapers can influence the editorial stance of a newspaper. Newspapers will also attempt to influence how the public vote in elections. It is important that newspapers stick to a code of conduct or rules set out by independent organisations in order to avoid this. If one large business or one singular man owns a company their ideologies can filter down into the papers. This relates to Hesmondhalgh's theory on cultural industries as DMGT (owner of the Daily Mail) also owns multiple other companies. This therefore shows the integration and conglomeration of cultural industries which follows the normal capitalist patterns seen in Hesmondhalgh's theory.

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